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The keyboard; the mouse; the touchscreen: each new generation of computing has been accompanied by its own new kind of input device. But as we enter the internet-of-things era, no standard has yet been established.键盘、鼠标、触摸屏，每一代新的计算机技术都伴随着一种新式的输入设备。但在我们进入物联网时代之际，输入领域还尚未建立起统一的标准。Several companies are trying to free us from the screen altogether, creating ways to control our digital lives by using little more than the “input devices” we were born with — the natural gestures of our hands and fingers.有几家公司正在尝试让我们完全从屏幕前解脱出来，它们利用的不过是我们与生俱来的“输入设备”——手和手指的自然活动——从而发明出控制我们的数字生活的方法。Gesture-control technology has come a long way since Nintendo’s Wii got gamers off the sofa and waving their arms around in the living room. Now Microsoft’s Kinect can track precisely how our limbs move. The 3in Leap Motion controller, which plugs into a PC, can detect the tiniest changes in the position of a finger.自任天堂(Nintendo)的Wii游戏机使玩家离开沙发、在客厅四处挥舞手臂以来，手势控制技术已经取得了很大进步。现在，微软(Microsoft)的Kinect可以精确追踪我们四肢的任何动作。连接个人电脑的3英寸Leap Motion控制器，可以探测出手指位置最细微的变动。But using Kinect or Leap means keeping within the field of view of their cameras. A new device, Myo, which I first tried at the Consumer Electronics Show in January, takes a whole new approach to gesture control that does not require a camera.但使用Kinect或Leap Motio需要处于它们的摄像机镜头范围内。我在1月美国消费电子展(CES)上首次体验的一款新设备Myo，采用了一种全新的、不需要摄像机的手势控制方式。When it works, Myo can make you feel like Luke Skywalker using the Force or Tom Cruise in Minority Report. But rather than lightsabres, Myo’s maker, Canada-based Thalmic Labs, has decided the killer app is rather less Hollywood than that: helping to give slideshow presentations.当Myo运行时，它可以让你感觉像使用光剑的卢克#8226;天行者(Luke Skywalker)或者《少数派报告》(Minority Report)中的汤姆#8226;克鲁斯(Tom Cruise)。但Myo的制造商——加拿大科技公司Thalmic Labs——决定了这款杀手级应用远没有好莱坞大片里的光剑那么神奇：它可以用来协助幻灯片演示。Slideshow start幻灯片开始The Myo armband comprises eight rectangular 2in blocks, linked with stretchy rubber and worn snugly on the forearm in direct contact with the skin. Its electromyography (EMG) sensors electrical activity in the muscles to detect gestures in the hand, while other sensors track the motion of the arm. The armband sends this information to a paired computer or smartphone via Bluetooth, with a barely perceptible delay.Myo臂环由8块通过弹性橡胶相连、2英寸大小的长方块组成，可以紧贴着套在前臂上，直接与皮肤接触。臂环中的肌电图(EMG)传感器可以通过读取用户肌肉中的电活动来识别手势，还有其他传感器跟踪手臂运动。这款臂环可以在瞬间将这些信息通过蓝牙发送到配对的电脑或智能手机上。Syncing the armband with a computer requires a special pairing gesture: start with your arm across your chest, gently flex your wrist away from your body, pause, then move the whole arm. The movement is purposely not natural to avoid accidental activation, and it took me a while to get right every time.将这种臂环与电脑同步需要一套特殊的配对手势：首先将双臂交叉在胸前，将手腕轻轻移开身体，暂停，然后放下整个手臂。这套手势有意设计成有别于手臂的自然动作，以避免意外激活设备。每次同步，我都要花点时间才能做对姿势。Other gestures are a mixture of the intuitive and the awkward. In place of the double-click of a mouse, you double-tap your finger and thumb together. In the slideshow presentation mode, this action replaces the basic clicker or space bar traditionally used to advance through PowerPoint or Keynote, and it works reliably well. I found it a little harder to go back a slide by cocking my wrist inwards and holding it there for a second.其它手势有的是本能的，有的看起来也不优美。只要两根手指头触碰两下就可以取代双击鼠标的动作。在演示幻灯片时，这一动作可以取代基本的遥控器或者传统上用来浏览PowerPoint或者Keynote的空格键，而且表现相当可靠。我发现通过向内竖起手腕并保持一秒钟以回看一张幻灯片有点难度。One might ask why, other than sci-fi show-off value, one would wish to replace a clicker with hand gestures. The Myo does add a couple of features: making a fist and rotating it anticlockwise turns on a virtual laser- pointer that can be guided around the screen just by moving your arm; turning the fist clockwise zooms into whatever you are pointing at.有人可能会问，除了科幻小说式炫耀的价值，人们有什么理由希望用手势代替遥控器。Myo的确增加了几个功能：握拳并逆时针转动可以开启一虚拟激光笔，然后可以通过移动手臂引导光束在屏幕上游走；顺时针转动拳头，可以将你指向的任何画面放大显示。Overall, it is a neat trick, especially for those who like to move around the room as they give a presentation.总的来说，这是一套很巧妙的设计，尤其是对那些喜欢边走动边演讲的人来说。More broadly, I worry that pitching Myo as a super-clicker sells its tech short. The device can also be used to control PC applications such as games, music and movie players, and even email, where opening and closing a fist or rotating a hand can control playback, volume or delete emails. These are fun, but not quite compelling enough to wear Myo all the time.总的来说，我担心，将Myo定位为一款超级遥控器低估了其科技价值。这款设备也可以用来控制电脑应用，如视频游戏、音乐和电影播放器，甚至电子邮件，只要你张开或握紧拳头或者转动一只手就可以控制播放、音量或者删除电邮。这些都很有趣，但要让人始终佩戴Myo，还不够有说力。However, an enthusiastic developer community is coming up with new and ambitious uses all the time. The Myo can aly be used to control internet-connected lightbulbs, a GoPro camera, toy robots or fly a drone.不过，一个热情的开发者社区正在不断提出新的、重大的用途。Myo已经能够被用于控制接入互联网的灯泡、GoPro摄像机、玩具机器人或者操控无人机飞行。It has huge potential in virtual reality, where there is a desperate need for a breakthrough input device that brings hand and arm movements into a virtual world. Demonstrations have aly shown the Myo working with the Oculus Rift, Facebook’s virtual reality headset.它在虚拟现实中有巨大潜力，这个领域亟需一种突破性的输入设备将手和手臂的运动带入虚拟世界。演示活动已经显示出，Myo可以与Facebook的虚拟现实头戴设备Oculus Rift协同工作。Mass movement大众市场Stephen Lake, Thalmic Labs’ chief executive, says presentations will be a “gateway” reason for the mass market to buy Myo — not just the geeks who want to click their fingers to turn lights on or to disappear into virtual worlds.Thalmic Labs首席执行官斯蒂芬#8226;莱克(Stephen Lake)称，幻灯片演示将是大众市场购买Myo的“入门”原因——而不只是那些想要轻击手指即可开灯或者消失于虚拟世界的极客会购买。I hope the marketing tactic works, because Myo’s applications are still catching up with a technology that might one day become the standard for how we will operate the internet of things.我希望这一营销策略能够奏效，因为Myo的各种应用仍在追逐一种技术，或许有一天这种技术能成为我们操控物联网的标准。 /201505/377185。

阅读提示:英文原文在下,对应译文在上,并非直译,敬请谅解“当你成为家族的下一代接班人时，我们也要启动‘陈-扎克伯格计划’（Chan Zuckerberg Initiative）了，与全世界的人一起努力，为下一代所有的孩子们，激发人类潜能并促进平等。在起步之初，我们将把重心放在个性化学习、疾病治疗、互联网连接，以及社区的发展上。”As you begin the next generation of the Chan Zuckerberg family, we also begin the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to join people across the world to advance human potential and promote equality for all children in the next generation. Our initial areas of focus will be personalized learning, curing disease, connecting people and building strong communities.“我们将捐出Facebook 99%股份，市值约450亿美元，我们知道这只是杯水车薪，但我们希望能为改善这个世界略尽绵薄之力，我们将与他人一起，竭尽全力来改变世界。”We will give 99% of our Facebook shares -- currently about billion -- during our lives to advance this mission. We know this is a small contribution compared to all the resources and talents of those aly working on these issues. But we want to do what we can, working alongside many others.小札喜当爹，还为广大男同志们带来利好消息：初为人父的男员工们将拥有为期四个月的带薪陪产假！Facebook Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg said he would take two months of paternity leave, the social media company announced it is extending its parental leave policy to full-time employees outside the ed States. /201512/413750。

The Chang’e I Lunar Probe“嫦娥一号”The Chang’e I lunar probe is China’s first lunar probe, successfully launched on LM-3A rocket on schedule at 6:05 p. m.local time ( UTC +8) from the Xichang Launch Center, on October 24,2007.“嫦娥一号”是中国的首颗绕月人造卫星，以中国古代神话人物嫦娥命名。2007年10月24日18时05分（UTC +8时，下同），在西昌卫星发射中心搭乘“长征三号”甲运载火箭顺利发射升空。卫星的总重量为2350千克左右，尺寸为2000毫米×1720毫米×2200毫米，太阳能电池帆板展开长度18米寿命大于一年。The “Orbiting ( Chang’e I ) ,phase of the program has four major goals:“嫦娥一号”的主要任务有：Drawing ”pictures“ of the Moon and obtaining three-dimensional images of the lunar surface. Dividing the basic landforms and structures of the lunar surface and initially making outline graphs of lunar geology and structures, so as to provide a reference and basis for later soft landings, The orbit of Chang’e I around the Moon will provide complete coverage, including areas near the North and South Poles not covered by previous missions. Probing useful elements on the Moon surface and analyzing the elements and materials, primarily making maps of the distribution of various elements on the Moon’s surface. China hopes to expand the number of the useful elements t0 14 previously probed by the NASA’s Lunar Prospector, and will conduct an overall prospect evaluation on some useful resources on the Moon’s surface. Probing the features of lunar soil and evaluating its depth, as well as the amount of helium-3 ( He)resources.Probing the space environment between the Moon and the Earth, recording data on the primitive solar wind and studying the impact of solar activity on the Earth and the Moon.用CCD立体相机和激光高度计绘制完整的立体月球地图，从而获取覆盖全月面的地形图，有助于研究月球地质构造的演化，为未来登月地点的选择提供有用的参考数据；探测月球上的钛和铁等14种元素分布，并会利用成像光谱仪，测定造岩矿物，如橄榄石、辉石、斜长石等在月球表面的含量与分布情况；评估月球土壤厚度和氦．3的资源量；监测月、地之间的空间环境，利用高能粒子探测器和太阳风探测器记录太阳风数据，以及太阳活动对月、地之间空间环境的影响。The first picture of the Moon was relayed on November 26, 2007. The mission is scheduled to continue for a year.At November 12, 2008, a map of whole lunarsurface taken by Chang’e I was shown to the public.2008年11月26日，国家航天局正式发布经处理后的第一幅由“嫦娥一号”卫星传回的月面图像。2008年11月12日，依据“嫦娥一号”卫星拍摄数据制作的中国第一幅全月球影像图正式公布。本次绕月任务将持续一年。The launch of the l.4 billion Yuan ( $ 187 million) Chang’e I , named after the Chinese goddess of the moon, is considered to be the first step in China’s three-stage moon exploration campaign, with the second step being the delivery of a moon rover, and the third that of a recovery research vehicle to collect soil samples.The ultimate aim of the Chinese project is to put a man on the moon by 2020.“嫦娥一号”是中国嫦娥工程的第一阶段任务，耗炎14亿元人民币。第二阶段目标是研制和发射月球探测器。第三目标为发射月球采样返回器，嫦娥工程最终目标是在2020年实现载人登月。 /201603/430094。

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Bob McConnell, a retired engineer, set up a new wireless router in his home this year to get faster Internet speeds. Instead, he got the opposite, with his iPad often getting no wireless connection in his bedroom.为了获得更快的上网速度，退休工程师鲍勃·麦康奈尔(Bob McConnell)今年在家里安装了一个新无线路由器。结果，家里网络反倒不如从前了，在卧室里使用iPad时，他常常找不到信号。For days, he tinkered with the router’s settings, but couldn’t figure out a fix. “It was totally ruining my life,” said Mr. McConnell, who lives in a condominium building in Kirkland, Wash. “Things would work, and then the next morning they wouldn’t work again.”他花了好几天时间调整路由器的设置，但没能找到解决问题的办法。“它彻底毁了我的生活，”住在华盛顿州柯克兰市一座共管公寓里的麦康奈尔说。“有时候网络可以正常使用，但第二天就又不行了。”What Mr. McConnell experienced is a situation we call “Wi-Fi headache,” and it’s an ailment that many can relate to. The condition is rooted in the networking devices called routers that people install in their homes for Wi-Fi connectivity. Most routers are difficult to configure for anyone who doesn’t work in an information-technology department. Jargony tech terms like 802.11 or dual-band add to the confusion when people upgrade a router or try to decide which one to pick.我们把麦康奈尔经历的这种状况称为“Wi-Fi头痛”，这是一种很多人能感同身受的顽疾。它产生的根源在于一种名为“路由器”的网络连接设备。人们把它安装在家里，以获取Wi-Fi连接。对于不从事信息技术工作的人来说，大多数路由器很难配置。当人们想升级路由器，或试着挑选一款路由器时，“802.11”或“双频”之类的技术术语，只会让人更加困惑。So to diagnose and cure Wi-Fi headaches, we teamed up with The Wirecutter, the product recommendations website. The Wirecutter put dozens of top-rated routers and devices through hundreds of hours of testing to pick out the best router for most people and come up with other recommendations tailored to different living situations and budgets. It also ran new tests for The New York Times to come up with best practices for getting a stronger, faster Wi-Fi signal.所以，为了诊断和治疗Wi-Fi头痛，我们与提供产品推荐的The Wirecutter网站展开了合作。The Wirecutter对几十种热销路由器和设备进行了数百小时的测试，以挑选出适合大多数人的最佳路由器，同时也针对不同生活环境和预算提供其他匹配建议。该网站还为《纽约时报》进行了一些新测试，以便找到能获得信号更强、速度更快的Wi-Fi网络的办法。The bottom line: People with devices both new and old will see an improvement by upgrading to a recent router that supports the latest Wi-Fi standards. But they should be wary of buying a cheap router that isn’t any good, or spending too much on one that is too complex for their needs.最基本的要求是，不管使用的是新设备还是旧设备，在升级到持最新Wi-Fi标准的新款路由器之后，应该看到网络有所改进。但也应该小心不要买质量不太好的廉价路由器，或花太多钱买超过自身需求的过于复杂的路由器。Wi-Fi headaches start with how the technology has evolved. For years, router makers like Netgear, Linksys and Cisco focused on making Wi-Fi technology transmit data at higher speeds and over longer distances.Wi-Fi头痛始于这种技术的演进。多年来，Netgear、Linksys和思科(Cisco)等路由器厂商都将注意力放在提高Wi-Fi技术上，目的是使它传输数据的速度更快、距离更远。That did little to prepare people for the explosion of Internet-connected mobile devices. In buildings crowded with smartphones, computers, smart TVs and tablets, the devices’ signals are now fighting for room on the same radio channels. And routers are spewing out energy for longer distances that may be bumping into neighbors’ signals.但是，在帮助人们应对联网移动设备大爆炸方面，这种改进几乎没什么助益。在智能手机、计算机、智能电视和平板电脑泛滥的建筑里，这些设备的信号都在同样的无线电频道上争夺空间。而各厂商竭力让路由器传送信号距离更远的时候，则有可能干扰到邻居家的网络。“The router manufacturers are kind of brain-dead,” said Dave Fraser, the chief executive of Devicescape, which develops technology for making public Wi-Fi networks usable for mobile phone service. “All they were thinking about was supporting people with laptops in their homes and commercial environments. All of a sudden Wi-Fi is in everything and everywhere, and we’re moving around our homes much more.”“路由器厂商们有点蠢，”Devicescape公司首席执行官戴夫·弗雷泽(Dave Fraser)说。该公司开发的技术可以让公共Wi-Fi网络供移动通讯务使用。“之前他们只考虑给人们在家里和商务环境中用笔记本电脑上网提供持。突然之间，世道变了，遍地都是Wi-Fi，什么都要用Wi-Fi，而且我们在家里的活动性也比过去大得多。”Router manufacturers have more recently improved Wi-Fi technology with mobile devices in mind, said Mr. Fraser. New routers often include smarter antennas that do a better job of assembling signals and beaming energy toward devices that are moving around.弗雷泽表示，最近在改善Wi-Fi技术时，路由器厂商考虑到了移动设备的需求。新款路由器往往有更智能的天线，可以更好地聚集信号并向移动中的设备传送信号。Some features inside newer routers also help reduce signal interference. Newer routers typically can transmit data over two radio frequencies — 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz — and give you the option to split them up into two separate Wi-Fi networks. In general, the 2.4 GHz band transmits data farther and is more crowded because many types of devices, like cordless phones and microwaves, use that frequency. The 5 GHz band is less congested but typically travels a shorter distance.新款的路由器还具有一些可以帮助减少信号干扰的功能。新款路由器往往能以两种无线电频率——2.4吉赫兹和5吉赫兹——传输数据，让你可以将它们分成两个独立的Wi-Fi网络。一般而言，2.4吉赫兹的波段传输数据更远，但网络负荷比较大，因为包括无绳电话和微波炉在内，各种类型的设备都使用这一频率。5吉赫兹波段相对没那么挤，但传输距离通常较短。Consumer behavior is also to blame for Wi-Fi headaches. People may wait years before buying a new router, so their devices might be more up-to-date than their infrastructure. An outdated router becomes a bottleneck that hinders the speeds of web downloads and file transfers between connected devices.消费者的行为方式也是造成Wi-Fi头痛的原因之一。人们可能会等好几年才会买一个新路由器，所以他们使用的上网设备可能比这种基础设施更跟得上时代。过时的路由器阻碍人们获得更高的网络下载速度和在不同设备之间进行文件传输的速度。Some people never upgrade their routers, especially those who still use the router that their Internet service provider lent them years ago. Those routers, which often double as modems, are often slow and short-ranged. That means it is time to buy a newer, faster router.有些人从不升级自己的路由器，甚至到现在还在使用多年前网络务提供商提供的路由器。这些路由器往往同时兼作调制解调器，一般速度都很慢，而且网络覆盖范围小。这意味着，是时候买个更新更快的路由器了。The Wirecutter performed a battery of tests on two top-performing routers with six devices, and the results were unmistakable: If your current router is at least three years old, there is no reason not to upgrade to a new router.The Wirecutter用六种设备对两款表现出色的路由器进行了一系列测试，结果很清楚：如果你目前的路由器已经使用至少三年，那就没理由不更换一台新的。Not only can a newer router improve the speed and range for users, the routers typically have upgraded internal components and strong external antennas. Many also support the latest Wi-Fi standard — 802.11ac — which has top speeds that are nearly three times faster than the previous standard, 802.11n, for the fastest wireless devices you can buy today.新的路由器不仅可以提高使用者的网速并扩大网络覆盖，这些机器往往还升级了内部组件，有性能强大的外置天线。很多还持针对你现在可以买到的速度最快的无限设备制定的最新的Wi-Fi标准——802.11ac。相比于之前的802.11n标准，这一标准下的网速提高了将近三倍。Many smartphones, tablets and laptops released since 2013 support 802.11ac. But even older devices that support only the previous standard, 802.11n, can enjoy faster speeds at long range with a newer 802.11ac router.2013年以来发布的许多智能手机、平板电脑和笔记本电脑持802.11ac标准。但是，哪怕你使用的是更老的设备，只能持之前的802.11n标准，在更换了802.11ac标准的新路由器的情况下，也可以获得更快的网速和更广的网络覆盖。For these tests, The Wirecutter used two routers: its top 802.11ac router recommendation, TP-Link’s Archer C7, and an older 802.11n router, Netgear’s WNDR3700. It tried them with a 2012 iPhone 5, a 2014 iPhone 6 Plus, a 2013 HTC One M7, a 2015 Samsung Galaxy S6, a 2012 MacBook Air and a 2014 MacBook Air.The Wirecutter在这些测试中使用了两款路由器：该网站最为推荐的802.11ac标准路由器TP-Link的Archer C7，和一款更老一些的802.11n标准路由器Netgear的WNDR3700。用以测试这两款路由器的设备包括：一部2012年的iPhone 5手机、2014年的iPhone 6 Plus手机、2013年的HTC One M7手机、2015年的三星Galaxy S6、2012年的MacBook Air笔记本，和一台2014年的MacBook Air。To get an idea how each device performed with each router, The Wirecutter’s Wi-Fi expert, David Murphy, tested file transfer speeds, streaming speeds, music streaming quality and call quality at a short range of 11 feet and a long range of 43 feet.为了解每台设备在适配每款路由器的情况下的网络表现，The Wirecutter的Wi-Fi专家戴维·墨菲(David Murphy)，在11英尺（约合3.4米）的近距离和43英尺的远距离下，分别测试了文件传输速度、视频流媒体速度、音频流媒体质量和视频通话质量等项目。Most tested devices had 19 percent to 54 percent faster download speeds and shaved 3 to 48 percent off their file-transfer times when paired with the Archer C7 compared with the older 802.11n Netgear router. The devices also did better on the Archer C7’s 5 GHz Wi-Fi network than on its 2.4GHz network at the same locations. In comparison, The Wirecutter could not connect to the Netgear router’s 5 GHz Wi-Fi at its long-distance test location.相比于使用更老的802.11n标准的Netgear路由器，大部分被检测的设备在与Archer C7路由器适配的情况下，网络下载速度可以快19%到54%，文件传输时间可以减少3%到48%。在同一地点，这些设备使用 Archer C7的5吉赫兹Wi-Fi比使用2.4吉赫兹，上网效果更好。相比之下，在远距离测试中，The Wirecutter无法连接到Netgear路由器的5吉赫兹Wi-Fi。The Archer C7’s exceptional performance on a 5 GHz signal is its strength. Devices often had the same download speeds at long range as short range when connected to the Archer C7’s 5 GHz Wi-Fi. But at the longer distance, when switched to the Archer C7’s 2.4GHz network, each device’s download speeds dropped, sometimes by more than 80 percent.Archer C7在5吉赫兹波段的卓越表现，显示出它的优势。在连接到Archer C7的5吉赫兹Wi-Fi时，这些设备往往在近距离和远距离能获得同样的下载速度。但连接到Archer C7的2.4吉赫兹网络进行远距离测试时，每台设备的下载速度会下降，有时幅度甚至超过80%。In summary: For a stronger, faster wireless connection, stay on the router’s 5 GHz band for as long as you can. Older routers aren’t the best at that; a newer router like TP-Link’s Archer C7 is a much better option.总而言之：为了获得更强大、速度更快的无线连接，尽量多使用路由器的5赫兹波段。老款路由器在这方面不是最佳选择，像TP-Link的Archer C7这样的新款路由器要好得多。The best router for most people is the Archer C7 (0). It’s a dual-band 802.11ac router, meaning it can run both 2.4GHz and 5 GHz Wi-Fi networks, and it supports the fastest Wi-Fi speeds of every wireless device you can buy, including the MacBook Pro, the Samsung Galaxy S6 or the brand-new iPhone 6s. The Archer C7 is faster over longer distances than most routers that cost 0 or more, and it’s the best value of the more than two dozen routers The Wirecutter tested in the last two years.Archer C7（100美元）对大多数人来说是最佳选择。它是一款双频802.11ac标准路由器，这意味着它可以提供2.4吉赫兹和5吉赫兹Wi-Fi两种网络。它还能持你能买到的各种无线设备获得最快的Wi-Fi速度，不管是MacBook Pro、三星的Galaxy S6，还是全新的iPhone 6s。相比于大多数价位在150美元，甚至更高的路由器，Archer C7可以让用户在更远距离获得更快网速，它是The Wirecutter过去两年测试的二三十种路由器中最物有所值的一款。The Archer C7 isn’t the best fit for everyone. So The Wirecutter also combed through test results and picked some routers for different living situations, such as small apartments or homes where people primarily use Apple devices.Archer C7并非所有人的最佳选择。所以The Wirecutter也对测试结果进行了梳理，挑选出一些适应其他生活环境的路由器，比如公寓比较小，或家人主要使用苹果设备。Generally, we recommend you upgrade to a new router every three to four years. That accounts for how often people typically upgrade devices like smartphones (every two years) and computers (every three to four years).通常，我们建议每三四年更换一台路由器。这和人们更换智能手机（每两年）和电脑（每三四年）的一般频率差不多。Yet whether your smartphones, computers and tablets are one, two or five years old, now is a good time to buy a new router if you haven’t in the last three years. Newer devices are probably using the 802.11ac standard, so you will get the fastest speeds at long distances with an 802.11ac router. If you hoard old devices, you will also get faster speeds and greater range. These benefits will be especially clear if you stay on a 5 GHz Wi-Fi network for as long as you can.不过，如果你在过去三年不曾购买过新路由器，那么不管你的智能手机、电脑和平板电脑目前使用了一年、两年还是五年，你都该换一台路由器了。较新的上网设备可能采用了802.11ac标准，所以配备一台802.11ac标准路由器，你就可在远距离获得最快网速。如果你还会继续使用旧设备，更换新路由器同样可以让你获得更快的网速和更大的网络覆盖。倘若你能尽量长时间地使用5吉赫兹Wi-Fi，这些好处会更加明显。One caveat: If you use a slower Internet service like DSL, you can probably hold on to a router for longer than three years. A newer router can still be useful because of the improved wireless range, but you won’t experience a big difference in download speeds.但请注意：如果你使用是如DSL等速度更慢的网络务，或许可以超过三年不换路由器。这种情况下更换新路由器还是会有帮助，因为可以扩大无线网络覆盖范围，只不过你不会感觉下载速度有太大改变。If your house is so large that a new router won’t be able to cover every inch with a great Wi-Fi signal, you could install a Wi-Fi extender, which enhances an existing Wi-Fi connection to increase coverage. Powerline networking, which converts a house’s electrical wiring into a wired Internet connection, is another option, but you’ll have to check if your home supports it.如果你的房子很大，一个新路由器无法让每个角落都拥有优质Wi-Fi信号，你可以安装一个Wi-Fi范围扩展器。它可以加强已经存在的Wi-Fi信号，扩大其覆盖范围。还有一种选择是电力线网络，它将房子内的电子线路转换成一种有线网络连接，但你需要首先确认自己家能否持这种设备。As for Mr. McConnell, the retired engineer eventually solved his Wi-Fi headache by setting up his devices to stay on the 5 GHz radio band. To get a Wi-Fi signal to his iPad in the bedroom, he also set up an extender. Now everything is smooth sailing, he said.通过将上网设备设置为始终连接5吉赫兹波段网络，退休工程师麦康奈尔最终解决了他的Wi-Fi头痛问题。为了能在卧室让自己的iPad连上Wi-Fi，他还安装了一个扩展器。他觉得，现在所有的上网体验都很顺畅。“I’ve got my life back,” he said.“我又找回了自己的生活，”他说。 /201510/403010。

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Tesla Motors CEO Elon Musk has threatened to fire key executives from his China team after weak sales of the automaker’s luxury electric cars. And last week, the company’s chief marketing officer in China resigned. Although the media widely covered the management shakeup, the press has largely ignored the context: a massive boom in China’s market for electric cars. For after years of lackluster growth, electric vehicle sales in the world’s second largest economy are surging – and they are leaving Tesla TSLA -1.56% behind. This represents a striking change of pace for China’s electric vehicle industry, and is likely a key reason that Musk is flustered.由于中国区销量不佳，特斯拉CEO埃隆o穆斯克已经扬言说要炒掉中国团队的核心高管。月初，特斯拉大中华区市场总监递交了辞呈。尽管很多媒体报道了这场管理层地震，但这些报道忽略了一个重要背景：中国的电动汽车市场正在释放重大利好。经历了多年的平淡增长之后，全球第二大经济体的电动汽车销量已经开始呈现井喷之势——但特斯拉反而被甩在了后面。这表明，中国的电动汽车行业正在发生引人注目的变化，它很可能也是让穆斯克如此惊慌的一个关键原因。Growth in China’s electric vehicle industry has been a long time coming. Starting in the early 2000s, China made a lofty goal to leapfrog the West in automotive technology by becoming a world leader in electric cars. The government declared it would have around 500,000 electric vehicles on the road by 2011. That didn’t happen. In fact, China sold fewer than 6,000 that year. Even as electric vehicle sales have swelled in America and Japan, China’s attempt to surpass the U.S. in automotive technology has sputtered.经历了漫长的等待，中国电动汽车行业终于开始迅速成长。早在新世纪伊始，中国就制定了一项雄伟的目标：率先成为电动汽车领域的全球领导者，从而在汽车技术方面一举超越西方。中国政府曾宣称，到2011年，中国的道路上将出现50万辆电动汽车。这一幕并未出现。实际上，中国在2011年只售出了不到6000辆电动汽车。随着美国和日本的电动汽车销量开始井喷，中国在汽车技术领域超越美国的努力随之宣告失败。Until recently, China’s lagging electric vehicle industry stood in sharp contrast to its overall auto industry. From 2000 through 2014, China’s auto market expanded at an astonishing rate. In 2000, the country produced fewer passenger cars than Spain – about 2 million, according to statistics from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers. However, China’s Association of Automobile Manufacturers reported last month that 2014 automotive sales surpassed 23 million – making China by far the largest auto market in the world. In 2011, the World Bank estimated per capita vehicle ownership in China at only 69 per thousand people, compared to about 800 per thousand people in the U.S. So China’s industry has significant room for growth.直到最近，中国相对落后的电动汽车业与汽车行业整体形成了鲜明对比。从2000-2014年，中国的汽车市场一直在以惊人的速度增长。根据国际汽车制造商组织的数据，2000年，中国生产的乘用车数量还不如西班牙，大约只有200万辆。但据中国汽车工业协会上月发布的数据，2014年中国的汽车销量已超过2300万辆，一跃成为全球最大的汽车市场。据世界2011年估算，中国的人均汽车保有量约为每千人69辆，而美国则为每千人800辆，所以中国仍有庞大的增长空间。The rise of China’s auto industry has been fueled by foreign investment, oil and technology – and it has brought with it a suffocating smog epidemic in China’s largest cities that is driving away wealthy Chinese and foreign expats. China’s Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang has long been working on a plan to replace foreign energy, innovation and capital with domestic resources. He is a former Audi engineer and over more than a decade, his goal has been to overtake the West in automotive technology by pushing China past the era of internal combustion engines and toward electric vehicles – thus setting the stage for China to dominate the trillion-plus global auto market. Wan Gang also sees electric vehicles as one partial solution to China’s sooty air.中国汽车行业的崛起离不开外国的投资、石油和技术，另一方面，汽车也给这个国家的城市带来了令人窒息的雾霾，迫使中国的富豪和在华外国人纷纷逃离。中国科技部长万钢一直想利用国内的资源取代外国能源、资本和技术。万钢曾是奥迪公司的一名工程师，十几年来，他的目标一直是推动中国由内燃机引擎时代过渡到电动汽车时代，在汽车技术领域超越西方，从而为中国主宰价值2万亿美元的全球汽车市场扫平道路。同时万钢还认为，电动汽车是解决中国空气污染问题的解决方案之一。My book, The Great Race: The Global Quest for the Car of the Future, tells how up until recently that project has been a series of ambitious failures. As late as January 2014, China was selling only about 600 electric cars per month – that same month the U.S. sold over 6,000.在《大竞赛：未来汽车的全球争霸赛》一书中，我讲述了这个雄心勃勃的项目就在不久前是如何遭遇一连串失败的。直到2014年1月，中国每月只能卖出约600辆电动汽车——同一个月份，美国能卖出6000多辆。But during the last four months of 2014, China’s electric vehicle sales skyrocketed. In December alone, monthly sales of passenger and commercial electric vehicles hit 27,000. According to data from the China Automotive Technology Research Center and the Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory, sales of electric cars in China surpassed sales of electric cars in the U.S. for the first time. In fact, China’s electric vehicle sales in December 2014 were almost 30 times higher than January 2014 sales.但就在2014年的最后4个月，中国的电动汽车销量开始突飞猛进。单单是去年12月，乘用和商用电动汽车的销量就达到了2.7万辆。根据中国汽车技术研究中心和美国能源部阿贡国家实验室的数据，中国的电动汽车销量首次超过美国。事实上，中国2014年12月的电动汽车销量几乎达到2014年1月的30倍。Many analysts say that the last four months of 2014 will be remembered as the stretch when China’s electric vehicle market finally turned a corner. If this growth continues, China may surpass the U.S. as the world’s largest market for electric vehicles in 2015.许多分析师表示，2014年的最后四个月将被当作中国电动汽车市场的里程碑载入史册。如果这种增长继续下去，中国可能将在2015年超过美国，成为全球最大的电动汽车市场。All this raises a number of questions: First, are these sales figures reliable? Statistics on China’s automotive market are often vague and unreliable. But statistics from the China Automotive Technology Research Center – a massive technical body responsible for everything from crash testing to vehicle battery standards — tend to be good. Some would say they are the gold standard in Chinese automotive data. The website EV-sales.blogspot.com essentially confirmed the 2014 numbers – supported by sales numbers for individual models. EV-salesblogspot.com reported that Tesla was outsold by five domestic manufacturers in China: BYD, Kandi, Chery Zotye and BAIC.同时，这种迅猛的增势也引发了一系列问题：首先，这些销售数据是否真实可信？中国汽车市场的统计数据经常是掺了水分的，但作为负责中国汽车方方面面事务的大型科研机构，中国汽车技术研究中心既从事碰撞试验、又制定汽车电池标准，因此它的数据应该是准确的。有些人说他们是中国汽车数据的“黄金标准”。汽车网站EV-sales.blogspot.com基本上肯定了中国2014年的电动汽车销量，并附上了各款车型的销售数据作为撑。同时该网站还指出，在中国有五家国内厂商的销量均超过了特斯拉，他们分别是：比亚迪、康迪、奇瑞、众泰和北汽。That leads to a second question: why are sales booming? An analyst from the China Automotive Technology Research Center attributed the jump to the elimination of the vehicle tax on Chinese electric vehicles (until September 2014, buyers were taxed at 10% of the purchase price). But is it really possible that lifting a 10% tax could cause such a massive surge in sales? Perhaps. Policy-led price adjustments have sometimes had spectacular results in China’s auto market. For instance, when the country joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, it lowered import tariffs on foreign automobiles. That year, China’s auto market grew by 37%, as some domestic producers were forced to lower prices to remain competitive. When Chinese automaker First Automotive Works Tianjin reduced its sticker price for one model by 20%, sales shot up 900%, according to one study on the Chinese auto market.然后是第二个问题：中国电动车市场的销量为何飙升？中国汽车技术研究中心的一位分析师认为，这主要归功于中国取消了电动汽车购置税（在2014年9月之前，购置税达到了车辆购买价格的10%）。但单凭减去一笔10%的购置税，是否就能促进销量大幅上升？或许吧。政策引导的价格调整有时会给中国汽车市场带来重大影响。比如2001年加入世贸组织时，中国降低了进口汽车的进口税。同年，中国的汽车市场增长了37%，因为有些国产厂商被迫降低价格以保持竞争力。另一份针对中国汽车市场的研究显示，天津一汽公司曾将一款车型的定价调低20%，结果销量飙升了900%。More recently, when China’s auto market started to slow in February 2008 – together with the rest of the world – the country sought to stimulate automotive sales and encourage its citizens to buy cleaner cars by cutting taxes on small displacement gasoline engines. In March, 2008 the central government cut taxes on these small cars to 5% from 10%. Auto sales jumped by 22% in April, and grew by 49% annually in 2009. Thatwas the year China became the largest auto market in the world.从2008年2月开始，中国汽车市场也和全球其他国家一样遇冷。为了刺激销量并鼓励国民购买更环保的汽车，中国政府降低了对小排量汽车的征税。2008年3月，中央政府将小排量汽车的购置税由10%降低至5%。同年四月，汽车销量上升了22%，到2009年，汽车销量同比上涨了49%。也就是那一年，中国正式成为全球最大的汽车市场。It’s still far from clear what factors are driving China’s recent electric vehicle boom – and why Tesla was left out. It’s possible that year-end government procurement led to unusually strong numbers in December. Another possibility is that China’s policies to promote electric vehicles have finally reached a tipping point. For instance, to deal with traffic congestion in major Chinese cities, many municipal governments – including Beijing – have limited the number of new vehicle registrations. In Beijing, electric vehicles are exempt from this a system.The central government has also instituted a new set of policies to encourage competition among domestic manufacturers — competitive pressure that was woefully lacking during the early years of China’s electric vehicle program. Perhaps locally produced vehicles have finally reached a quality threshold that make them attractive to Chinese buyers.我们现在远未搞清楚到底是什么因素促使中国的电动汽车销量出现了这样大幅度的飙升——以及为什么特斯拉被落在了后头。有一种可能是年终的政府采购导致12月出现了不同寻常的强势指标。另一种可能是中国对电动汽车的扶植政策终于达到了临界点。例如在中国的很多大型城市，为了应对交通堵塞，包括北京在内的很多地方政府通过摇号限制新车上牌。然而在北京，电动汽车可以免除摇号之苦。中国政府还制定了一系列新政策，鼓励国内厂商相互竞争——而在中国开展电动汽车项目的早些年，中国的电动汽车行业严重缺乏竞争压力。国产汽车或许终于达到了一个质量阈值，开始对中国消费者产生吸引力。Whatever the reason, just as China’s electric vehicle market is taking off, Tesla is facing new competitive challenges at home and abroad. Traditional automakers like BMW, Volkswagen VOW3 and General Motors GM 0.16% are developing electric vehicles that are faster, cheaper, and boast better range than before. In fact, in October 2014, Volkswagen’s CEO Jochem Heizmann announced the company was developing more than 20 electric vehicles for the Chinese market. Then there is also the prospect of competition from newcomers like tech giant Apple AAPL -0.68% – which is hiring away Tesla’s engineers for princely sums and is rumored to be developing its own electric car. At the same time, Tesla is struggling to establish its brand in the world’s key emerging market at what may be a critical inflection point. That is a huge problem.不管原因是什么，随着中国电动汽车市场开始起飞，特斯拉开始在国内外同时面临新的竞争挑战。宝马、大众、通用等传统厂商都在研发更快、更便宜、续航更长的电动汽车。就在2014年10月，大众汽车集团CEO海兹曼还声称，大众汽车正在为中国市场研发超过20款电动汽车。另外特斯拉还面临着来自科技巨头苹果等市场新进者的压力——苹果近日重金挖走了特斯拉的工程师，而且据说目前正在开发自家的电动汽车。而与此同时，就在中国这个关键的新兴市场上已经进入重要的拐点时，特斯拉还没有充分在中国建立起它的品牌，这真是一个大问题。Perhaps that explains why Musk is losing his cool over weak China sales. Up until recently, China has been an underperforming electric vehicle market, and Tesla has been an over-achieving electric vehicle company. Suddenly, that equation has flipped.或许这就解释了为什么穆斯克面对疲软的中国区销量而无法冷静。直到最近，中国的电动汽车市场一直表现不佳，而特斯拉则是一家在电动汽车领域获得了重大成就的公司。突然之间，这种平衡就被翻了个个儿。 /201503/361603。

In the past, companies sought to please old customers and entice new ones by offering small holiday gifts. They gave away refrigerator magnets, calendars, and Christmas ornaments emblazoned with the company logo.过去，公司会在节日提供一些小礼品来取悦老顾客，招徕新顾客。他们会送出带有公司标志的冰箱贴、日历、以及圣诞装饰等。But in today’s geo-encoded, app-enabled world, sophisticated companies are trying something new to build trust and relationships with customers. We call them ‘benevolent apps.’ Unlike some apps that are designed to generate sales and promote special deals, benevolent apps are created to offer useful information or otherwise help with decision-making. The idea is not simply to sell products or services, but instead to build trust and relationships that eventually will lead to economic success.但如今，那些成熟老道的公司正尝试用一些新手段赢得消费者的信赖，并与他们建立情感联系。我们把它们称作“亲善应用”。与那些用来提升销量和推销打折商品的应用不同，亲善应用旨在提供实用或其他能帮助用户决策的信息。这样做并不是为了促进产品或务销售这么简单，而是为了建立信赖和联系，从而最终获得经济上的成功。One good example comes from Sea Tow Service International, a company located in Southold, New York. Sea Tow offers emergency towing and rescue services for boaters in the ed States, the Caribbean and Europe. The free Sea Tow app supports boaters’ navigation needs by offering information about local tide tables, detailed marine weather forecasts, GPS coordinates and bearing and speed.Sea Tow Service International就是一个很好的例子，这家位于纽约州绍斯霍尔德的公司，为美国、加勒比海和欧洲的船员提供紧急拖曳和救援务。他们的免费应用Sea Tow会提供当地潮汐表、详细的海洋天气预报、GPS坐标、航行方位和速度等船员定位所需的信息。A traditional marketer might argue that to the extent that Sea Tow furnishes information that can reduce accidents (thereby reducing Sea Tow calls), it is undercutting its own business. A boater, however, might be favorably disposed toward calling Sea Tow instead of its competitor, Tow Boat US, if faced with an emergency.传统的营销人员也许会认为，从某种意义上说Sea Tow提供的信息会减少事故（因此也就减少了Sea Tow收到的呼救数），这会妨碍公司本身的业务。然而，感受到这份友善的船员当面临紧急状况时，可能就会倾向于呼叫Sea Tow，而不是它的竞争对手Tow Boat US。To further study this concept, we worked with two companies—Liberty Mutual and Suruga Bank—to create two benevolent apps and then test the results.为了进一步研究这个概念，我们与利宝互助保险集团和骏河两家公司合作，创建了两个亲善应用并测试它们的效果。The Liberty Mutual app was aimed at people who were in the process of moving. The app included a digital “safe,” where they could record with text and photos their valuable-items and an inventory tool where they could record the contents of their boxes.这款利宝互助应用面向正在搬家的人群。该应用拥有一个数字“保险箱”，可以让用户用文字和照片记录自己的贵重物品；还有一个清单工具，可供用户记录箱子中的物品。Although Liberty Mutual offers auto, homeowners and personal property insurance, it does not offer moving insurance. So why did the company find the idea of creating an app to help people move appealing? Their goal was to build trust through benevolence and to improve brand image, consideration and purchase intent. On the final screen of the app, users could contact Liberty Mutual for more information on the products they offer including home, life and accident insurance. So although the app was benevolent, it had a mechanism for capturing goodwill by linking users to the company’s agents.尽管利宝互助提供汽车、房屋和个人财产保险，却并不提供搬迁保险。那么为何公司会有兴趣做一款帮人搬迁的应用呢？它的目标是通过这款亲善应用建立信赖，提高品牌形象、关注度，增强顾客的购买意愿。在应用的最后一个页面，用户可以联系利宝互助，获得更多关于该公司产品的信息，包括家庭保险、人寿保险和意外保险。所以尽管它属于亲善应用，却能建立用户和公司员工的联系，从而提高公司的商誉。The app was tested in 2010 in a comprehensive market research study of 750 consumers. Overall, respondents viewed the Liberty Mutual moving app as meaningful, believable and relevant. The favorable user experience led to positive attitude changes toward Liberty Mutual, which considers responsibility and trust to be among its key brand attributes. The company saw a significant increase in its trust rating, believability and confidence attributes.2010年，该应用经过了面向750名顾客的综合市场调研。总体来说，调查对象认为利宝互助的搬迁应用很有意义、很可靠，与他们的生活密切相关。这种良好的用户体验使得人们对该公司的态度有了正向的转变，他们觉得负责和值得信赖是该公司的品牌特质。利宝互助在信用评分、可信度和品牌信心上都有了显著提升。The second app we created was for Suruga Bank, a bank based in Shizuoka, Japan. Called, Dream Mover, it helped Japanese consumers choose new homes to purchase or rent and assisted them in understanding the financial implications of different decisions. Based on the user’s location and budget criteria, the app presented a set of home choices with details such as size, layout and proximity to public transportation. In addition to helping users screen potential places to live, the app acted as a budget-planning advisor, providing information on personal loans and mortgages as well as providing targeted advice.我们的第二个应用是为位于日本静冈市的骏河（Suruga Bank）创建的。这个应用名为Dream Mover，可以帮助日本顾客选择要购买或租赁的新房，并帮助他们弄清不同情况下涉及的财务问题。该应用能根据用户的地址和预算要求，显示一系列备选房屋，并给出大小、布局、是否便于搭乘公共交通工具等细节。此外，为了帮助用户筛选可能的居住地，Dream Mover还扮演了预算规划顾问的角色，为用户提供个人贷款和抵押信息以及其他具有针对性的建议。To assess the impact of Dream Mover, we surveyed 1,500 randomly selected respondents and found that among those who used the app, there was a measured increase in awareness, trust and positive consideration of Suruga Bank. Specifically, the bank’s ratings were significantly improved for characteristics such as being “open, honest and transparent” and offering “believable advice or information and a brand you can trust.”为了解Dream Mover的影响力，我们随机选择了1,500名受访者，发现那些用过这款应用的人对骏河的关注度、信赖度和正面印象都有提升。尤其要指出的是，骏河在“坦率、诚实和透明”等公司特色和提供“可靠的建议或信息，是一个你可以信赖的品牌”等选项的评分都有了显著提高。Our two studies show that benevolent mobile apps can positively impact a company’s brand perception, consideration and preference and therefore improve the bottom line. People using the Liberty Mutual app became significantly more inclined to prefer Liberty Mutual and switch to it for insurance versus competitors. Additionally, the brand attributes related to trust increased. In the Suruga Bank study, consideration of Suruga also rose significantly. As with the Liberty Mutual study, brand attributes related to trust rose significantly.我们的两项研究明，亲善应用可以加强人们对公司品牌的认知、关注和偏好，并由此提升公司营收。使用利宝互助应用的用户明显对利宝互助更有好感，更倾向于在保险务中选择它而不是其他竞争者。此外，用户对品牌的信赖感也有所增强。在骏河的案例中，用户对该公司的关注度同样有显著提升。而与利宝互助的案例一样，用户对骏河的信赖感也增强了。These are powerful forces that can lead to increased revenue from consumers who perceive that the brand has their interests in mind.这些亲善应用可以让顾客认为该品牌关心他们感兴趣的东西，并因此成为促进营收增长的强大力量。（财富中文网） /201412/350920。

White hat hackers revealed白帽黑客身份被揭露The majority of Chinese ;white hat hackers; are young people born in the 1990s, according to China#39;s first survey on the subject, initiated by an online ;geek; community called GeekPwn.由极客在线社区GeekPwn发起的中国首份《白帽黑客调查报告》显示，90后年轻人成为中国白帽黑客的主力军。White hat hackers are information security personnel using online hacking skills to help maintain Internet safety.;白帽黑客;指利用黑客技术维护网络安全的信息安全工作人员。Some 61% were born in the 1990s, while 30% were born in the 1980s and 4% in the 1970s, according to the report.根据该报告，90后白帽黑客的比例约为61%，80后占30%，70后则占4%。The report also says that 55% of white hat hackers make no more than RMB100,000 a year, and only 5% have an annual income above RMB500,000.报告还显示，55%的;白帽黑客;年收入在10万以下，仅有5%的人年薪超过50万。 /201506/380289。